apt-get error: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

#rm /var/lib/dpkg/info/$nomdupaquet* -f

Command Credit: stackoverflow

L2TP with IPSec PSK VPN Keeps Connecting

 I tried to access from home WiFi to a workplace L2TP/IPSec Pre-Shared Key VPN gateway, but the Windows 10 built-in VPN kept connecting. I had asked my ISP customer service team, and they told me that their technical support team would contact me to sort out this problem. I had a doubt that there would be something to be configured or enabled in my Internet WiFi router. I accessed to the route, and enable ALG switch as the below snapshot, and then I tested it again; the VPN gets connected; booom, it works!

OpenWrt/LEDE UCI-Based DHCP Server & DHCP Client Address Reservation Configuration

 Firmware Version: LEDE Reboot 17.01.5 r3919-38e704be71 / LuCI lede-17.01 branch (git-18.180.55366-b78664c)

DHCP Server Configuration:

uci set dhcp.lan.interface="lan"

uci set dhcp.lan.ra="server"

uci set dhcp.lan.dhcpv4="server"

uci set dhcp.lan.start="1"

uci set dhcp.lan.limit="250"

uci set dhcp.lan.leasetime="120"

uci add_list dhcp.lan.dhcp_option="3,192.168.1.1"

uci add_list dhcp.lan.dhcp_option="6,8.8.8.8"

uci add_list dhcp.lan.dhcp_option="6,8.8.4.4"

uci add_list dhcp.lan.dhcp_option="42,192.168.1.100"

uci show dhcp.lan.interface

uci show dhcp.lan.ra

uci show dhcp.lan.dhcpv4

uci show dhcp.lan.start

uci show dhcp.lan.limit

uci show dhcp.lan.leasetime

uci show dhcp.lan.dhcp_option

DHCP Client Address Reservation:

uci add dhcp host

uci set dhcp.@host[-1].name="EndianEFW"

uci set dhcp.@host[-1].dns="1"

uci set dhcp.@host[-1].mac="08:00:27:F3:9C:74"

uci set dhcp.@host[-1].ip="192.168.1.29"

Save DHCP Configuration:

uci commit dhcp

Spyder IDE complaints, for dependencies, about jedi = 0.17.2 : None (NOK) & parso = 0.7.0 : 0.8.1 (NOK)

 After upgrading Spyder to version 4.2.1 on Ubuntu 18.04, it complaints, for dependencies, about

jedi = 0.17.2 : None (NOK)

parso = 0.7.0 : 0.8.1 (NOK)

I tried to install jedi, and parso using pip3 as below:

pip3 install jedi parso

But it does not fix the error.

It seems the problem is fixed when I install "Anaconda3-2020.11-Linux-x86_64.sh"

cd ~ballah/Downloads

chmod +x Anaconda3-2020.11-Linux-x86_64.sh

sudo ./Anaconda3-2020.11-Linux-x86_64.sh

You can check the dependencies from Help menu whether all they are resolved.

របៀបប្រើជញ្ជីងថ្លឹងDT570

You can download "របៀបប្រើជញ្ជីងថ្លឹងDT570" from here.

T568A-T568B Modular Wiring Guide

 You can download the T568A-T568B Modular Wiring Guide from here.

HTTP/1.1 500 Internal Server Error When Accessing Isabel4 (asterisk 16) Portal

 This error is due to the permission, and it is fixed with command chown as below snapshots:

Error in /var/log/httpd/ssl_errror_log:

PHP Fatal error:  Uncaught  --> Smarty: unable to create directory /var/www/html/var/templates_c

#cd /var/www/html

#chown -R asterisk:asterisk var

#systemctl restart httpd

OpenSSH cannot be started: sshd: no hostkeys available -- exiting.

The error snapshot from /var/log/syslog:

From the line 7177, we notice an error saying that 'sshd: no hostkeys available -- exiting'

To fix such an error, the below steps are followed:

1. To edit /etc/ssh/sshd_config, and configure the HostKey parameter as /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key:
   
2. To generate the ssh key file ssh_host_rsa_key and store it under /etc/ssh:
   
3. To start ssh daemon using systemctl:
   
4. To check the ssh daemon status:
   

checkmk Installation For Infrastructure & Application Monitoring on Ubuntu 18.04.4 LTS

Introduction to checkmk can be referred to this link.

Step 1: Dependency Installation:

It may vary depending on your system. You can observe the error message, if any, during installing checkmk using package manager dpkg:

sudo apt -y install dialog graphviz apache2 apache2-utils libevent-1.4-2 php-cli php-cgi php-gd 

sudo apt -y install php-sqlite3 php-json php-pear pyro rpcbind xinetd freeradius-utils rpm lcab libfl2

Step 2: checkmk Installation:

Once the dependencies are successfully installed on Step 1, you can install checkmk with the below command:

sudo dpkg -i check-mk-enterprise-1.6.0p11.demo_0.bionic_amd64.deb

By default, your download location is located under your Downloads folder under your home directory ($HOME/Downloads). As of writing this post, I downloaded this package version check-mk-enterprise-1.6.0p11.

You will need to fix any error prior to continuing with the following steps:

sudo systemctl restart apache2
sudo omd create mysite
sudo omd start mysite

Please note that the default 'mysite' can be changed to any name you prefer. After 'sudo omd create mysite' you will be provided the generated password for the user cmkadmin as below snapshot as ab example:

You can modify the generated password by using the below command:

sudo passwd mysite
su - mysite
htpasswd -m ~/etc/htpasswd cmkadmin
sudo systemctl restart apache2

For the ease during my installation, I used password mysite for the user mysite, and password cmkadmin for the user cmkadmin. I don't encourage you to use such a very weak password in my case. It is strongly recommended, from the security point of view, to use strong alphanumeric mixed with special characters not-easy-to-guess password. Please follow recommendations from the security best practice.

Then go your browser, type http://localhost/mysite. After successfully login-ed,  the web GUI will look like the below:

If you want to wipe all the existing configuration, you can use below command to reset:

sudo omd stop mysite
sudo omd disable mysite
sudo omd --force init mysite

After the last command, a new password for user cmkadmin will be regenerated.. Please find the sample snapshot below:

Credit: checkmk, installation log can be also found on this link, omd command reference.

Internet Experience Using Google Public DNS Servers

Few days ago, I personally encountered a problem of browsing my personal blog URL https://tballah.blogspot.com, the website was intermittently working (to get connected). I contacted my ISP support for help to resolve this issue. With onsite presence, an ISP technician found out, after several troubleshooting, that using Google public DNS servers can get rid of such a problem; I am still not convinced about this fix suggested by the technician. After working for some time, the problem returns back; I need to find out the reason why this phenomenon happens. You can refer to my packet capture for the DNS resolution and TCP 3-way handshake prior to send HTTP request; you can observe that DNS query can successfully be resolved, and also there are many SYN packets sent to the host tballah.blogspot.com, there is no any SYN-ACK returned back from the host. According to the traceroute result, the SYN packets could not be passed through to reach the final destination.

Recently I figure out the issue which is from the DNS query response from tested DNS server such as 1.1.1.1, 8.8.8.8, and 202.58.98.202. If the query responds with the IP 74.125.24.132 for tballah.blogspot.com whose canonical name (CNAME) is blogspot.l.googleusercontent.com, the TCP packet (SYN) cannot go through the hop 118.69.255.57. If the query result responds with the IP 172.217.26.129 or 172.217.31.225, https://tballah.blospot.com is working. Please check the screenshot of each DNS query for every DNS server below:

My workaround solution is to configure the blue line below in /etc/hosts file (Windows also has such a host file located under %SystemRoot%\System32\drivers\etc\hosts)

172.217.26.129 blogspot.l.googleusercontent.com

Also the hop 118.69.255.57 needs to investigate the root cause for the routing of IP 74.125.24.132, while IP address 74.125.24.191 for blogger.com can pass through this hop. The workaround is just computer-based fix not recommended i.e. other users of my ISP will have the same problem I faced.

However, and undoubtedly, there are some benefits of using Google DNS service which is free to use and can be used by anyone who has access to the Internet. You can use Google DNS IP addresses instead of your ISP’s DNS servers to improve the resolve time and provide security. You can set them either on the router DHCP sever configuration or statically configure them on your network interface card (NIC).

Theses are the Google public primary, and secondary DNS servers:

    Primary IP: 8.8.8.8
Secondary IP: 8.8.4.4

Credits: an ISP technician (Piseth), and this topic

Shotcut Installation Using snap on Ubuntu

Shotcut is a free, open source, cross-platform video editor. The below command is to install shotcut using snap:

sudo snap install shotcut --classic

Materials and Cost Estimation For Recording Studio Setup

The attached PDF file is just a list (even not completed) of the materials required for a recording studio and its cost estimation as of March, 2020 based on price quoted from Amazon, and Cambodia local market.

How to Check What DNS Servers Currently Used In Ubuntu

I used to ask myself the same question on how to check what DNS servers are currently being used whether it is manually or dynamically (via DHCP) configured.

For manually configured DNS Server(s):

more /etc/resolv.conf

For manually or dynamically configured DNS Server(s) :

more /etc/resolv.conf

OR

systemd-resolve --status

Failed to install electerm using snap on Ubuntu

After I download the snap file "electerm-1.3.1-linux-amd64.snap" from this url, I get the following error shown in the snapshot below using command:

sudo snap install electerm-1.3.1-linux-amd64.snap

To fix such an error, the option --dangerous is used to force the command not to verify the installation signature:

sudo snap install --dangerous electerm-1.3.1-linux-amd64.snap

In summary, to resolve the error "cannot find signatures with metadata for snap" when installing using snap, you can use the flag --dangerous

Credits: Kyle, and electerm

***Note***: I encounter one problem; it is unable to use the command "sudo", and other commands as shown in below snapshot when using in electerm with error permission denied:

So I decide to uninstall with the following command:

sudo snap remove electerm

Once I download deb package from this link, I simply install it by the following command:

sudo dpkg -i  electerm-1.3.4-linux-amd64.deb

Then the problem of "permission denied" is gone, and I can normally use all the commands:

As of March 24, 2020, the version electerm-1.3.4-linux-amd64.deb is available for download from this link

Openshot cannot be started in Ubuntu 18.04

After I install openshot via PPA, following from its official website:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:openshot.developers/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install openshot-qt

I cannot start openshot. After googling I found the solution by removing python3 module pyqt5 as follows:

$pip3 uninstall pyqt5

Credits: openshot, and github (Thanks to behnambm for the solution)

How to install Khmer Unicode Fonts on Ubuntu 18.04.4 LTS

Font Download:
You can download the fonts from this link, and extract it to a folder.

Ubuntu 18.04.4 LTS Font Installation
You can install the downloaded fonts from the extracted folder by font-manager. If it has not been installed, please install it using below:

sudo apt-get install font-manager

Move your mouse pointer to the Activities corner at the top left of the screen to show the Activities Overview.
In Search Box Area, type Font Manager, then launch Font Manager application by clicking on it

Click on + button to add fonts by locating the location to where you extracted the fonts that you had downloaded.

How to Change Default Network Name to old “eth0” on Ubuntu

Edit your /etc/default/grub changing the line from

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""

to

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0"

and, finally:

$ sudo update-grub
and reboot your system:

$ sudo reboot

Python NAPALM Installation on Ubuntu

NAPALM stands for Network Automation and Programmability Abstraction Layer with Multi-vendor support

apt update && apt -y full-upgrade
apt install python -y
apt install build-essential libssl-dev libffi-dev -y
apt install python-pip -y
pip install netmiko
pip install --upgrade pip
pip install cryptography
pip install napalm

Failed to do 'pip install psycopg2' under Python virtual environment in Ubuntu 18.04

I failed to install psycopg2 in Python virtual environment, I am using Ubuntu 18.04 for its installation. The following error is shown below:

After googling I found the following solution below:

under virtual environment, install:

pip install wheel
or
pip install --upgrade wheel

Deactivate the virtual environment using command deactivate, then:



For Python 2
sudo apt install libpq-dev python-dev

For Python 3
sudo apt install libpq-dev python3-dev

If none of the above solve your issue, try
sudo apt install build-essential
or
sudo apt install postgresql-server-dev-all

Credit: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5420789/how-to-install-psycopg2-with-pip-on-python

Then install psycopg2 after activating the Python virtual environment:
pip install psycopg2

Parrot GNU/Linux (Parrot-security-4.3_amd64) Partition Layout Plan

According to my rule of thumb, to be able to successfully install Parrot GNU/Linux (Parrot-security-4.1_amd64) on either physical machine or virtual machine, you need, at least, 20 GiB of disk space. To have more room for further installation of extra applications, I recommend to reserve 39 GiB disk space for its installation based on 2 GiB swap space, and the following disk partition layout plan should be adopted:

File System	File System Type	Size
/	ext4	28 GiB
/boot	ext4	512 MiB
/home	ext4	512 MiB
swap	swap	2 GiB
/var	ext4	6 GiB
/tmp	ext4	2 GiB

At least / needs 12 GiB if you adopt to have only root partition (/), and the swap. It is up on you to plan more disk space rather than taking the above figures in the table into your consideration.

Also by so doing, my purpose is to initially have a disk space occupancy rate less than 50% for each file system (disk partition)

An example of disk usage after the OS installation